Gm rvc alternator Simply plug module into your vehicle's factory harness and tie out of the way. 13352 Elliot Avenue Chino, California 91710 USA (800) 345-5927 (909) 465-1950 Mailing Address: Dec 6, 2022 · I kinda did this with a GM RVC (Remote Voltage Control) alternator since I wasn't entirely sure what the second pin did, since it wasn't clear in my research and people said that it was needed, while others said that it wasn't it wasn't needed and turned out to be a feedback wire to the BCM/ECU to know how much load is being put on the 250 Amp Black Billet High Output Alternator for GM 2 pin WITH RVC Bypass. star_border star_border Sep 13, 2024 · Find many great new & used options and get the best deals for Mechman 400 Amp RVC Bypass High Output Alternator 2014+ Chevrolet GMC Cadillac at the best online prices at eBay! Free shipping for many products! GM's RVC System is good in stock vehicle applications but when adding accessories that will require higher or just more stable voltage, this is a great solution! Previously, a Mechman alternator customer would need to send in their 2pin alternator to be converted to the more traditional style 4pin / 1 wire / P103 setup. 7L 6L Duplicolor-1615 @ AlternatorOutlet™ & get the guaranteed lowest allowed MAP price by Mechman in 2005 About Press Copyright Contact us Creators Advertise Developers Terms Privacy Policy & Safety How YouTube works Test new features NFL Sunday Ticket Press Copyright Apr 6, 2021 · Buy ManiacEM Alternator Voltage Regulator, 2 Pin Terminals 'F' 'L' for Delco DR44G Series RVC System - 80406306: Alternators - Amazon. They provide reliable, high-powered energy that lasts and can be used in various cars. Several more recent vehicles use a variety of methods to control the alternator’s output more precisely, with an eye toward improved fuel economy. Great for getting the most looks and performance from your alternator! The new Mechman MM-VC1 provides a professional and straightforward installation way to control 2005> GM 2pin equipped alternators. With these newer Trailblazer models relying on GM's Regulated Voltage Control we opted to bypass this for the customers wanting the most output from their investment. 6 phase technology, combined with massive twin rectifier assemblies and 12 huge diodes make these alternators totally durable for daily use. Regulated Voltage Control (RVC) is a new dynamic control of the vehicle’s system volt-age. The Billet Elite series 250-amp alternator offers great amperage output This is a normal condition, GM uses a voltage control module to control the charging system. Aug 9, 2021 · The GM regulated voltage control system can vary from 11. : 9am - 430pm Bypass Module Notice GM RVC System: Bypass Module installation instructions. com https://www. View On YouTube. 5 volts, if it works at all. GM’s RVC System is good in stock vehicle applications but when adding accessories that will require higher or just more stable voltage, this is a great solution! Jan 6, 2022 · RVC, Delete, Instructions. Diagnostic and troubleshooting procedures for GM Body Control Module Code B1516 Battery Current Performance Signal (GM vehicles 2006 and up) Regulated Voltage Control (RVC) is GMs’ platform for computer controlled charging systems. 2. This unit is for models with the incorporated RVC. For serious audio systems over 2,000 watts, please contact a sales rep about bypassing the RVC function for more stable voltage. This alternator integrates normally with the OEM GM engine computer and RVC load sensor, so charging voltage will still be controlled by the ECU. This is a custom designed billet high-output alternator for GM Vehicles 1996-2024. 27 (36. These item may have been displays or returns. 7L 6L 6. GM's RVC System is good in stock vehicle applications but when adding accessories that will require higher or just more stable voltage, this is a great solution! RVC Alternator Control On many GM powertrains the ECM controls the alternator’s voltage output setpoint. "To be clear, GM’s RVC systems use alternators with field currents that truly are controlled by logic external to the alternator. There is no extreme voltage fluctuation as this will bypass the RVC charging system on all 2005> GM truck applications. To be clear, GM’s RVC systems use alternators with field currents that truly are controlled by logic external to the alternator. An alternator upgrade can help solve the problem. Standalone regulated voltage control systems used its own module to control the charging system, known as a generator battery control module (GBCM). 5 -15. MUST USE 4 PIN REGULATOR STYLE ALTERNATOR TO WORK. Dec 13, 2022 · GM RVC 2pin High Output Alternators are the perfect choice for upgrading their vehicle’s power supply. If your GM vehicle has charging system problems, you must first understand how they work before you can diagnose the problem. 5. I am swapping my regulator out for the 4 pin ad244 style instead because my alternator is only 6 months old and 300a already. Feb 2, 2021 · All alternators are dyno-tested and include a proof of performance tag; Note: In 2005 and newer applications, GM incorporated a regulated voltage control (RVC) which allows the engine control unit (ECU) to manipulate the voltage output of the OE alternator through the engine management system. Big 3 Wiring Kit With RVC. #07-06-03-009B: Information on Voltmeter Gauge Fluctuation Due to Regulated Voltage Control System and Concerns About Camper/Trailer Battery Charging - (Feb 5, 2010) Feb 17, 2018 · the case of most OBD II GM alternators using four-wire regulator connections, unless the vehicle is equipped with RVC (Regulated Voltage Control), the PCM is not really in control of the charging rate. The main benefits of this system are: • Improved fuel economy • Extended battery life • Extended lamp life • Extended This unit includes our single wire turn RVC bypass regulator and P103 module so it can be used in engine swaps where clearance behind the alternator is aided by a top/side mounted output stud. All factory connections need to remain connected. Mar 2, 2021 · Hi. The standalone regulated voltage control system wasn’t used for long. Opens in a new window or tab. 1 volts when in "Fuel Economy Mode" to improve fuel economy. Ensure reliable power for all electronic components, even under heavy load. 6V to 14. Provides an easier alternative to the traditional 4-pin/1-wire/P103 Jun 28, 2020 · Detailed connection instructions for 3 pin connector Upgrade your GM 4pin Alternator Harness with a JS high-output alternator. Great for getting the most looks and performance from your alternator! "To be clear, GM’s RVC systems use alternators with field currents that truly are controlled by logic external to the alternator. We make extracting all the power from this alternator very easy by including our single wire turn on harness(P101) and also our RVC bypass plug(P103). The GM RVC charging system voltage normallyvaries between approximately 11. Take your time do a little research and you’ll find it’s pretty easy! These alternators come with a heavy-duty built-in voltage regulator with 14. This Alternator Uses "Regulated Voltage Control (RVC)" GM's patented RVC technology optimizes alternator load by reducing voltage depending on battery state-of-charge. 5 to 15. 5 –15. I drive a 2017 Chevy Spark which has the GM regulated voltage control system in which the battery’s negative wire goes through a clamp sensor, the alternator charges the battery to around 80% and after that stops charging to save fuel. The RVC keeps the battery around 80% SOC, instead of 95%, as I understand it. Open box items may or may not be packed in original packaging. Description. 9: Remy Exclusive Honda and Acura Starter Upgrades Remy PG replacement starter has an external solenoid. All alternators are dyno-tested and include a proof of performance tag; Note: In 2005 and newer applications, GM incorporated a regulated voltage control (RVC) which allows the engine control unit (ECU) to manipulate the voltage output of the OE alternator through the engine management system. Mechman. Used On: Buick, Cadillac, Chevrolet, GMC,with 2 pin plug, Lester unit Nos: 8301, 8302, 8498, 8550 Buy this Mechman 400 Amp RVC Bypass Alternator 2014+ GM Truck 4. 7L 6L @ AlternatorOutlet™ & get the guaranteed lowest allowed MAP price by Mechman in 2005 - 2009 Buy this Mechman High Output 400 Amp Alternator RVC Bypass 2005-2013 GM Truck 4. It regulates the generator’s output voltage, based mainly on estimated battery temperature and battery state-of-charge". 3L 4. Mar 31, 2022 · Alternator wiring instructions for 2005 and newer GM trucks with 2-Pin regulator and RVC control. More on RVC systems later. The PCM's circuit marked "L" titled "Generator Turn On Signal" in many schematics only triggers the regulator to turn on. RVC Regulators have a default voltage, but running Voltage Set Point is controlled by onboard computers taking sensory information from Body Control Module, Battery Sensor, ECM/PCM. This system reduces the targeted output voltage to 12. ” This is not a PCM output, but rather a PCM input for engine load from the alternator’s work. be/IccufClp-0c )))These vehicles use a loop(amp clamp) type sensor on the negative battery ground wire to "read" the voltage. 0 out of 5 stars. • BE CAREFUL TO NOT OVERDO THE “REGULATED VOLTAGE CONTROL KNOB” BOILING THE BATTERIES OF THE TEST MACHINE. 250 Amp Black Billet High Output Alternator for GM 2 pin WITH RVC Bypass. 3L, T Vin code? The reason I ask is I just tubed my drivers side firewall in preparation for larger wheels. $23. 5 and 15. Every mounting point was sanded down to bare metal and reconnected with new copper ring terminals, then doubled sprayed with clear coat rust protection. As with other systems in use today, the GM system has a fuel economy mode, which is designed to lower the charging system voltage by reducing the alternator field strength. Dec 22, 2016 · Tech Tip: Remy GM Regulated Voltage Control (RVC) Computer-Controlled Charging GM RVC charging system voltage varies from approximately 11. No check battery light, no computer controlled NEW Connector Pigtail Plug Harness FOR GM RVC ALTERNATORS BUICK CADDY OLDS S1437. com/magazine-summary/are-you-smarter-than-a-smart-charging-system/In this video we go over Regulated Voltage Control/ ECM Controlled/ PCM C About Press Copyright Contact us Creators Advertise Developers Terms Privacy Policy & Safety How YouTube works Test new features NFL Sunday Ticket Press Copyright 250 Amp Black Billet High Output Alternator for GM 2 pin WITH RVC Bypass. B-STOCK; Merchandise; Returns / Upgrades / Trades; What We Do. Oct 19, 2011 · Starting with the 2005 model year, light duty full size pickups and utilities, are equipped with a new Regulated Voltage Control (RVC) system. Availability: In Stock. The Elite series offers the highest possible amperage and durability available in a large case hairpin alternator. This will eliminate the check charging system code (battery light). 2L @ AlternatorOutlet™ & get the guaranteed lowest allowed MAP price by Mechman in 2014 - 2020 Oct 25, 2023 · Note: Alternators not manufactured by Mechman may adjust somewhat differently because of varying alternator components. 5V to 15. Simply install the included 1 wire P101 harness to a tested 12v switched source and plug in the included P103 module into the vehicles 2 pin original alternator wiring harness. In contrast, the voltage range I see on my Subaru is 13. For a swap or repower situation this can present a problem because without other modules to tell the ECM what to set the output voltage at a RVC alternator will run in a “limp home” mode where it poorly regulates to ~13. The MechMan alternator you have purchased has a different style plug on it for a reason. star_border star_border There is no extreme voltage fluctuation as this will bypass the RVC charging system on all 2005> GM truck applications. When did GM stop using generators? When Chevrolet introduced the redesigned Corvette in 1963 one of the new features was the Delcotron alternator that replaced the This is a custom designed billet high-output alternator for GM Vehicles 1996-2024. The regulator on the rear can be removed with soldering and alternator know-how and replaced with a 4 pin one. motor. No check battery light, no computer controlled The Mechman MM-VC1 offers a professional and straightforward installation for controlling 2005> GM 2-pin equipped alternators. You can MM-VC1 2005> GM 2pin RVC voltage controller Mechman Alternators Can Build A High Output Alternator For Almost Any Application With Outputs Ranging From 150a To Jun 2, 2010 · To be clear, GM’s RVC systems use alternators with field currents that truly are controlled by logic external to the alternator. 7% off) Sale "To be clear, GM’s RVC systems use alternators with field currents that truly are controlled by logic external to the alternator. The GM regulated voltage control system can vary from 11. Feb 9, 2011 · Racer, my understanding on 05 and above there is also a RVC: "Regulated Voltage Control (RVC) is a new dynamic control of the vehicle’s system voltage. The alternator may exit "Fuel Economy Mode" if additional voltage is required. Lets get it! Mechman 8206240 240 Amp GM Truck / SUV Alternator. On GM applications with Regulated Voltage Control, the Body Control Module actually oversees the charging system and determines the best charging rate for different operating modes. • There will be a difference in the LED Lamps on top of RVC tester box. 8 Default Voltage Set Point • All welded construction Alternator Test Leads FAX : 503-239-9996 PHONE: 800-242-6367 897-GMC CS130D w/ PCM controlled regulator 897-GMN Delco CS130D 897-H Nissan, Mazda Internally regulated 897-HC 96+ Acura, Honda 897-HL Subaru Picture Not Available 897-HO 97+ Acura TL, Suzuki, Subaru 897-HS Honda, Acura Square plug 897-GM Delco CS130D w/ 712 series regulator 897-HA Mar 28, 2011 · Regulated Voltage Control or RVC improves fuel an electrical engineering specialist with the GM Global Energy Center. methods to control the alternator’s output more precisely, with an eye toward improved fuel economy. • ASVR Design, B-Circuit, 2 Pin, F-L Terminals, 13. In 2004, GM began using a smart charging approach called “Regulated Voltage Control” (RVC) on some of its cars and trucks. Voltage can range from 11. 6 phase technology combined with massive twin rectifier assemblies and 12 diodes makes these alternators totally durable for daily use, while still maintaining great output. I regret even going with the 2 pin although I didn't have any issues with the RVC system in my previous truck. Great for getting the most looks and performance from your alternator!. Simply install the included 1 wire P101 harness and the included FT101 fuse tap harness to a tested 12v switched source and then plug in the included P103 module into the vehicles 2 pin original alternator wiring harness. GM calls this is “Remote Voltage Control” or RVC. INSTR-RVC DEL Alternator installation instructions for 2005 and newer GM trucks with RVC System. Integrated voltage safety: If any adjustment gets outside the alternator’s acceptable range of 12. GM's RVC System is good in stock vehicle applications but when adding accessories that will require higher or just more stable voltage, this is a great solution! Jul 2, 2018 · The standalone regulated voltage control system wasn’t used for long. But GM's RVC has six charging modes, including desulfating. May 25, 2014 · Learn how to diagnose and fix charging system problems on GM vehicles. GM's RVC System is good in stock vehicle applications but when adding accessories that will require higher or just more stable voltage, this is a great solution! Jul 27, 2020 · RVC is just fancy talk for complicated charging system, its a 2 wire alternator not a 4 wire (to the plug), you CAN use the 2 wire alternators, but you need a PWM controller to operate it. 33; Discount: $59. RVC uses information from the battery cur-rent sensor, calculated battery temperature and So you have a 2005 or so up GM car/truck/SUV. : 9am - 430pm Buy this Mechman High Output 400 Amp Alternator RVC Bypass 2005-2013 GM Truck 4. 00. Jan 31, 2006 · My 2005 Subaru has a "dumb" voltage regulator in the alternator, with no intervention from the ECM. You will find a sensor located near the battery that the factory ground cable will pass through. Mar 24, 2013 · Buy ManiacEM Pigtail Connector, Harness Repair Alternator Repair Plug for GM RVC Alternators - 9801346: Alternators - Amazon. Simply turning on all Aug 23, 2024 · 400 Amp high output billet alternator GM Trucks 2005 - 2013 The Elite series offers the highest possible amperage and durability available in a large case hairpin alternator. ((( Part 1 https://youtu. This involved extending quite a few wires. add Add to Cart remove_red_eye sync favorite_border. - Fri. This unit is for models without the incorporated RVC. The GM RVC charging system voltage normally varies between approximately 11. RVC Regulators have a default voltage, but running Voltage Set Point is controlled by onboard co This alternator cranks out over 200 amps at engine idle speeds and a full 320+ at cruising speeds at FULL TEMPERATURE. In 2005 GM introduced Regulated Voltage Control (RVC) to their vehicles. I am learning as I go along. This system is designed to raise and lower the alternator’s voltage set point based on vehicle electrical needs. 6 volts. This more reliable starter is designed to install and operate to OEM standards with no modification necessary. Sep 12, 2018 · This Alternator Uses "Regulated Voltage Control (RVC)" GM's patented RVC technology optimizes alternator load by reducing voltage depending on battery state-of-charge. 2L @ AlternatorOutlet™ & get the guaranteed lowest allowed MAP price by Mechman in 2014 - 2020 Buy this Mechman 400 Amp Orange Billet RVC Bypass Alternator 2014+ GM Truck 4. THIS IS NOT A SOLUTION FOR STOCK 2 PIN STYLE ALTERNATORS!!!! These are especially Jun 15, 2015 · Remy has introduced a technical service bulletin for techs titled “Remy GM Regulated Voltage Control (RVC) Computer-Controlled Charging. These alternators use the more robust 4 pin style regulator than the OE 2 pin ECU controlled alternator. 6 phase technology combined with massive twin rectifier assemblies and 12 diodes make these alternators totally durable for daily use, while still maintaining great output. With RVC, the power that runs from the alternator to the battery is Alternator Battery Control Module - GM (19432143) GM OEM 2007-2009 GM Alternator Battery Control Module - 19432143. 8 Default Voltage Set Point • All welded construction GM RVC Regulators do not have secondary Regulation Test. Several versions of RVC have been used. In that process I moved the fuse box and ECM into the cab. mechman. Mechman 400 Amp High Output Billet Alternator GM Trucks 2005 - 2013. Jun 13, 2024 · 1035 Data Lane Knoxville, TN 37932 Customer Service Available: Mon. Durable & performance-tested. Pigtail Connector, Harness Repair Alternator Repair Plug for GM RVC Alternators - 9801346 9801346. Brand New. These impressive alternators produce 180+ at engine idle RPM and 250+ amps Lead, Repair Alternator Pigtail Repair Harness 11012073 Location Used: Regulator Length: 110mm Number of Wires: 2 Application: RVC Regulators on General Motors Applications There is no extreme voltage fluctuation as this will bypass the RVC charging system on all 2005> GM truck applications. 7L 6L Duplicolor-1644 @ AlternatorOutlet™ & get the guaranteed lowest allowed MAP price by Mechman in 2005 May 27, 2022 · GM has two versions of this system: regulated voltage control and standalone regulated voltage control (SARCV). This system reduces the targeted output of the generator to 12. Dec 9, 2020 · To be clear, GM’s RVC systems use alternators with field currents that truly are controlled by logic external to the alternator. This s May 19, 2023 · Ah ok I did read it quickly because I'm at work. P103 module for 2005 GM RVC controlled vehicles. com/plugs-harnesses/p103-gm-2-pin-module-for-use-with-factory-05-gm-vehicles-with-mechman-alternator/www. The module interprets various inputs and controls alternator voltage through the “L” terminal of the alternator. For protection it is recommended to add an in line fuse to the positive wire. MSRP: $161. star_border star_border Nov 28, 2024 · This alternator cranks out over 200 amps at engine idle speeds and a full 320+ at cruising speeds at FULL TEMPERATURE. The charging systems on late-model GM vehicles are quite different from older stand-alone alternators with internal voltage regulators in prior years. Regulator Specs • For Delco DR44G Series IR/IF Alternators • *Voltage Set Point controlled by vehicle RVC system. Bypass Module Notice GM RVC System: Bypass Module installation instructions. Then it communicates to the ECM which makes decisions and controls the alternator output through the “L” terminal. MM-VC1 2005> GM 2pin RVC Voltage Controller. The Elite series offers the highest possible amperage and durability available in a large case alternator. This alternator will meet your needs with its robust construction and easy installation process. Wagner Alternators and Supplies, Inc. This sensor allows the ECM to monitor the charging system and adjust This module is for use on GM vehicles equipped with a 2-pin regulator and an RVC sensor (Regulated Voltage Control). During fuel economy mode, when voltage is at the lowest, customers or technicians monitoring battery voltage may believe there is a charging system concern. Integrated RVC uses the BCM as an input to collect data from the battery and various other points. Ideal solution for enhancing voltage stability or accommodating higher voltage needs in stock GM RVC System applications. Nov 26, 2024 · The new Mechman MM-VC1 provides a professional and straightforward installation way to control 2005> GM 2pin equipped alternators. 3-15. It regulates the generator’s output volt-age, based mainly on estimated battery tem-perature and battery state-of-charge. Alternators; Bracket Kits; Pulleys; Plugs and Harnesses; Voltage Control; Cable Acces. 5 volts. 8 voltage set point. All We Do Is Alternators. 1035 Data Lane Knoxville, TN 37932 Customer Service Available: Mon. The big 3 Wiring upgrade is an ADDITION to your factory wiring. Jul 1, 2015 · The second circuit connected between the GM PCM and the four-terminal CS series alternator’s voltage regulator is marked “F” for field and titled “Generator Field Duty Cycle Signal. 5 volts…. This module is for use on GM vehicles equipped with a 2 pin regulator and a RVC sensor (Regulated Voltage Control). Starting with the 2005 model year, light duty full size pickups and utilities are equipped with a Regulated Voltage Control (RVC) system. One such system is GM’s regulated voltage control (RVC) system. (no extra cost) *** Jul 19, 2013 · The GM regulated voltage control system can vary from 11. 6-13. Jan 5, 2022 · 48 volt alternators; Contact; Sitemap; Categories. We use this standard GM internal regulator, and include the necessary single wire P101 pigtail harness, so that the MechMan alternator bypasses the engine Sep 27, 2023 · There is no extreme voltage fluctuation as this will bypass the RVC charging system on all 2005> GM truck applications. Apr 13, 2024 · What year did GM start using smart alternators? In 2004, GM began using a smart charging approach called “Regulated Voltage Control” (RVC) on some of its cars and trucks. Alternator Repair / Rebuild Kit With Voltage Regulator, Bearings, Brushes. Buy this Mechman 400 Amp Green Billet RVC Bypass Alternator 2005-2013 GM Truck 4. com FREE DELIVERY possible on eligible purchases Voltage Regulator For: Delco DR44G Series Alternators. No check battery light, no computer controlled Oct 9, 2019 · Regulator Specs • For Delco DR44G Series IR/IF Alternators • *Voltage Set Point controlled by vehicle RVC system. If applicable, Open Box items will carry standard manufacture warranty unless otherwise stated. You have an RVC(Regulated Voltage Controlled) alternator with a square-ish 2 pin wiring harness plug. You’ll see two things right off the bat on RVC vehicles tipping you to the presence of this latest technology: First, you’ll see a two-wire voltage regulator connection instead of the familiar four-wire connection. Mechman 8206250 250 Amp E Series. Upgraded positive and negative battery cables must be routed in a specific way on these vehicles in order for the system to function normally, please review the included instructions carefully. These are built as plug/play operation with the vehicles 2pin RVC controlled regulator. May 9, 2009 · on the 07+ we have this regulating system (Regulated Voltage Control or RVC) that basically controls the alternator when it sees more/less drain on the battery. GM RVC Smart Charge OPEN BOX- Items are considered in NEW condition. 8L 5. RVC Regulators have a default voltage, but running Voltage Set Point is controlled by onboard co Buy this Mechman 400 Amp RVC Bypass Alternator 2014+ GM Truck 4. Being that I have a decent sized stereo as well as HIDs (with the relay harness) on my truck, I looked for a way to turn the RVC off. The new Mechman MM-VC1 provides a professional and straightforward installation way to control 2005> GM 2pin equipped alternators. The Billet Elite series 250-amp alternator offers great amperage output and durability at a great price. Being a direct fit, this alternator fits directly into your stock alternator location. GM RVC BYPASS & MECHMAN ALTERNATOR PROBLEMS - CAR ELECTRICAL Q&A. com FREE DELIVERY possible on Jul 20, 2018 · Does anyone one here have access to all of GM's factory wiring diagrams for a 2005 Silverado, 5. Mechman Alternators Can Build A High Output Alternator For Almost Any Application With Outputs Ranging From 150a To 370a. ” In it, the company writes, “GM RVC charging system voltage varies from approximately 11. *** THESE 2 PIN ALTERNATORS ARE NOT COMPATIBLE WITH EXTERNAL REGULATORS. • When testing the GM/Bosch RVC regulator units use the correct harness plug. 49. 5 volts, the internal safety protocol will activate and the charge voltage will default to a harmless 13. 9V. Here is some information on this issue. 3L 5. This alternator cranks out over 200 amps at 1035 Data Lane Knoxville, TN 37932 Customer Service Available: Mon. 2L DupliColor-1641 @ AlternatorOutlet™ & get the guaranteed lowest allowed MAP price by Mechman in 2014 - 2020 Aug 3, 2019 · Starting with the 2005 model year, light duty full size pickups and utilities are equipped with a new Regulated Voltage Control (RVC) system. : 9am - 430pm The new Mechman MM-VC1 provides a professional and straightforward installation way to control 2005> GM 2pin equipped alternators. Regulator: This high-output alternator comes with 7 customized regulator options for you to choose from, as we know you may need to charge at certain voltages. $549. 5V. 10: Remy GM Regulated Voltage Control (RVC) Computer-Controlled Purchase P103 here: https://www. On many GM powertrains the ECM controls the alternator’s voltage output setpoint.
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